ihannüma Kitab›’n›n, 360 y›ll›k masals› bir öyküsü var (1648-2008). El
yazmas› bir kitap… Hattatlarca ve nakkafllarca kaç kopya ço¤alt›ld›¤›
bilinmiyor. Yaz›m›na baflland›¤› y›l 1648. Osmanl› ‹mparatorlu¤u’nun
Yükselme Dönemi. Co¤rafya ve astronomi bilgisi yeni keflifler için çok
önemli. Pirî Reis’in haritalar›nda (1517) Amerika k›tas›n›n do¤u k›y›lar›
görünse de Yeni Dünya Amerika’n›n varl›¤›ndan ‹slam co¤rafyas› neredeyse
haberdar bile de¤il.
Amerika’n›n ulafl›lan do¤u k›y›lar›ndan sonra bat› k›y›lar›ndan bafllayan ve dünyan›n
üçte birini oluflturan su dünyas›n›n Japonya ve Çin sahillerine kadarki bölümü de
bilinmiyor. Yolu Yeni Zelanda’dan geçen gemi olmad›¤› için varl›¤›
henüz keflfedilmemifl…
Oysa denizci Avrupa ülkeleri için co¤rafi her bilgi çok önemli. Zenginliklerini; gemilerle
keflfedilecek yeni topraklarda ar›yorlar. Osmanl› ise, zenginli¤ini ve co¤rafya bilgisini
fetihlerle gelifltirmeye çal›fl›yor. ‹flte bu fetih seferlerinden birine, Cihannüma kitab›n›n
yazar›,
katip
s›fat›yla kat›l›yor. Ve Sultan IV. Murad’›n Do¤u Seferleri’nden
çok say›da kitapla dönüyor (1635).
Devlet hizmetindeki 12. y›l› ve yafl› henüz 26. Fetihlerle büyüyen
Osmanl› Saray›’na bilgi üretiyor. Tabii bedeli karfl›l›¤›nda. 20’yi aflk›n kitap yaz›yor.
Tarih alan›ndaki önemli eserlerinden
Arapça Fezleke
’yi 1642’de tamamlad›ktan sonra
Türkçe Fezleke
’de 1591-1654 aras›ndaki Osmanl› Tarihi’ni ayr›nt›lar›yla anlat›yor.
1591 y›l› önemli. Nobel Edebiyat Ödüllü yazar›m›z
Orhan Pamuk
’un
Benim Ad›m
K›rm›z›
adl› roman› 1591 y›l›nda geçer. Roman kahraman› fieküre’den, babas›n›n
evlerine ça¤›rtt›¤› saray nakkafllar›n› ve nakkafll›k sanat›n›n öyküsünü dinleriz.
Saray›n nakkafllar› oldu¤u gibi yazarlar›, hattatlar›, mimarlar› ve zanaatkarlar› da vard›r.
Do¤u seferi dönüflünde görevi ile an›lmaya bafllayan Mustafa Çelebi, art›k
Kâtip Çelebi
ad›yla saray›n yazarlar›ndand›r. Kitaplar›n› nakkafllar resimlendirir ve hattatlar ço¤alt›r.
20’den fazla kitab›n›n aras›nda en bilineni
Kâtip Çelebi li-Kitab’› Cihannüma
’d›r.
O hattatlar ki, nam salm›fllard›r ‹slam co¤rafyas›nda. Güzel yaz› yazma sanat›
imparatorlu¤un payîtaht›nda doru¤a ulaflm›flt›r. “
Kur’an Hicaz’da indirilmifl,
‹skenderiye’de okunmufl, ‹stanbul’da yaz›lm›flt›r
” sözü, en güzel el yazmas›
Kur’anlar›n ‹stanbul’da yaz›lm›fl oldu¤unu anlatmaktad›r. Güzel yaz›y› ö¤renen
ç›raklar, kalfal›k ve ustal›k aflamalar›nda El Yazmas› Kopyalamas›’ndan Hat
Sanat›’na yönelerek kalem ve mürekkeple “
resim d›fl›nda
” yarat›labilecek
en güzel eserleri vermifllerdir. Taa ki 1928 y›l›na kadar… Esin kayna¤›
Arapça harflerin Allah sevgisi ile flekillendirilmesi olan Hat Sanat›
1928’de yeni harflerin kabulü ile son bulmufltur.
7
he story of Cihannüma is 360 years old (1648-2008). The book began as a
manuscript. We do not know how many copies were made by calligraphers and
illustrators. Work began in 1648 during the Ottoman Era of Expansion.
Knowledge of geography and astronomy were essential for new discoveries.
Although the east coasts of the New World are depicted in maps by Piri Reis,
the Islamic world was mostly unaware of the existence of a new continent.
The eastern coasts were accessible but the great body of water
between the western coasts of America and Japan was unknown. No ship sailed past
New Zealand to place it on the map…
Geographical information was very important for the mariner Europeans. They sought riches
in lands discovered by sea voyages. The Ottomans on the other hand, were seeking riches and
knowledge of geography through conquest of new lands. It was for one these campaigns that
the writer of Cihannuma was appointed as
clerk
. Thus he returned with many books from
the Eastern Campaign of Sultan Murat IV (1635).
He was 26 years old but already in the government service for 12 years. He imparted
knowledge upon the Ottoman Palace which was growing with the conquests. He was paid for
the books he wrote. After he completed his book on history,
Fezleke in Arabic
in 1642, he
wrote the
Turkish Fezleke
in the years between 1591 and 1654 where he recounts
Ottoman history in detail. 1591 is an important year. The Nobel Prize winner Turkish
author
Orhan Pamuk
set his novel
My Name is Red
in the same year. We learn through
the heroine fiekure the stories of palace miniaturists who were summoned to their
house by her father, and about their art.
The Palace housed miniaturists as well as writers, calligraphers, architects and craftsmen.
Following his mission in the Eastern campaign, Mustafa Çelebi was recognized by his job as
clerk- Katip, and became a writer in the Palace. His books were illustrated by miniaturists
and copied by calligraphers. The most famous among his
20 or more books is
Cihannuma by Kâtip Çelebi
.
These illustrators were famous in the Islamic world. The art of calligraphy reached its peak
in the seat of the Empire. The fact that the most beautiful manuscripts of the Quran were
written in Istanbul is expressed effectively by these words:
“The Quran was
delivered in Hidjaz, recited in Alexandria and written in Istanbul.”
The apprentices of fine writing would then become assistants in manuscript copying,
and later masters of the art to produce the most perfect works of calligraphy that
could be possible with ink and pen. In 1928 the Arabic script was replaced with new
letters causing a decline in the art which shaped spiritual
love with inspirational Arabic letters.
B ü l e n t Ö z ü k a n
FROM KATIP CELEBI
to
DIGITAL PRINTING
A 360-YEAR-OLD STORY
K ‹ T Â B - I C ‹ H Â N N Ü M Â - T H E B O O K O F C ‹ H A N N U M A
360 YILLIK B‹R ÖYKÜ
Kå T‹P ELEB‹Õd en
D‹J‹TAL MATBAACILI⁄A
C
T
